Aperture-

A aperture controls the amount of light that reaches a digital camera sensor.

Shutter-

a shutter is a device that allows light to pass for a determined period of time, for the purpose of exposing photographic film or a light-sensitive electronic sensor to light to capture a permanent image of a scene.

Exposure-

Exposure is the total amount of light allowed to fall on the photographic film during the process of taking a photograph.

Depth Of Field-

Depth of field is the range of distance within the subject that is acceptably sharp.

F-Stop-

F-Stop is the focal length divided by the "effective" aperture diameter.

Focal Length-

The focal length of a lens determines its angle of view, and also how much the subject will be magnified for a given photographic position.